Software change management, baselines, codeflows, and change approval factors.

Project manager roles, project planning, team management, and rework cost reduction.

Risk management process, risk classification, and software estimation techniques.

Software quality assurance, metrics, standards, and quality conflicts.

Testing hierarchy, verification vs validation, test types, and acceptance testing.

System modeling, design principles, cohesion, and ER diagrams.

Requirements engineering process, types of requirements, and validation.

Agile methodologies including Extreme Programming, Scrum, and DevOps.

Software process models including Waterfall, Spiral, and evolutionary development.

Software engineering fundamentals, software crisis, and essential attributes of good software.